Economics and politics of water resources development: Uda Walawe Irrigation Project, Sri Lanka

Water resources development / Irrigation programs / History / River basins / Rehabilitation / Costs / Crop production / Domestic water / Water use / Reservoirs / Fisheries / Decision making / Cost benefit analysis / Cost recovery / Water requirements / Water demand / Sri Lanka / Uda Walawe Irrigation Project

A posteriori noise estimation in variable data sets

Most physical data sets contain a stochastic contribution produced by measurement noise or other random sources along with the signal. Usually, neither the signal nor the noise are accurately known prior to the measurement so that both have to be estimated a posteriori. We have studied a procedure to estimate the standard deviation of the stochastic contribution assuming normality and independence, requiring a sufficiently well-sampled data set to yield reliable results. This procedure is based on estimating the standard deviation in a sample of weighted sums of arbitrarily sampled data points and is identical to the so-called DER_SNR algorithm for specific parameter settings. To demonstrate the applicability of our procedure, we present applications to synthetic data, high-resolution spectra, and a large sample of space-based light curves and, finally, give guidelines to apply the procedure in situation not explicitly considered here to promote its adoption in data analysis.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&

Robbing Yadullah’s water to irrigate Saeid’s garden: hydrology and water rights in a village of Central Iran

Water allocation / Water rights / Irrigation management / Drought / Wells / Dams / Canals / Legal aspects / Villages / Iran / Zayandeh Rud Basin / Jalalabad / Najafabad

ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA ARITMATIKA SOSIAL BERDASARKAN NEWMAN ERROR ANALYSIS

This study aims to find out the mistakes made by class VII students of SMP Negeri 3 Ambon in solving social arithmetic story problems based on Newman Error Analysis (NEA), with the type of qualitative research. Sources of data, namely class VII SMP Negeri 3 Ambon and subject teachers. Subjects were taken by giving tests to 21 students, then 3 students were selected as subjects based on the most errors made by students. The 3 subjects, namely IT, AD, and TM. Data collection techniques include tests, interviews and video recordings. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation and data verification. The results showed that IT subjects made reading errors and encoding errors, AD subjects made reading errors, transformation errors and encoding errors, and TM subjects made all errors, namely reading errors, comprehension errors, transformation errors, process skills errors and encoding error

Intake by Lactating Goats Browsing on Mediterranean Shrubland

In Mediterranean regions goat feeding systems are mainly based on shrubland that contain a wide variety of species. There are only a few equations for predicting feed intake of stall-fed goats (Luo et al., 2004). The objective of this study was to develop a model for predicting the intake of lactating goats browsing on Mediterranean shrubland